visual system

▻ Planarian Anatomy Ontology Class Overview

▻ Embryonic Molecular Fate Mapping

  ▻ Description

  ▻ Figures

  ▻ In Situ Hybridization Data

  ▻ Sequences

  ▻ References




Planarian Anatomy Ontology Class Overview

For more information about the ontology visit PLANA Overview


NAME:

  visual system


DEFINITON:

  The sensory system subserving the sense of vision.


TERM DEFINITION CITATIONS:

  UBERON:0002104


TERM CITATIONS:

Expand publication list

TERM ID:

  PLANA:0000124


ABOUT THIS TERM:

visual system

  ↳is a anatomical system

  ↳part of asexual organism and sexual organism


Expand to see terms that part of visual system

  → optic nerve
  → trail cell
  → brain visual center
  → eye
  → optic chiasm


BROWSE PLANARIAN ONTOLOGY TREE (IN OLS):

Click on the '-' and '+' to collapse and expand term 'is a' and 'part of' relationships.



EXPLORE ONTOLOGY GRAPH:


Dynamically explore this term by selecting additional relationships to display (checkboxes on the right). Expand nodes by double-clicking on it . Single-click on a node to display the definition below the graph.

 

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Embryonic Molecular Fate Mapping


All experimental data displayed here is from Davies et. al., 2017, Smed Embryogenesis Molecular Staging Resource


DESCRIPTION:   

Genes required for production of all eye progenitors (eya, six-1/2), photoreceptor neuron differentiation (otxA), or pigment cup differentiation (sp6-9, dlx) were enriched during S5-S6 (Figure 1 – figure supplement 19 A, Figure 1 – source data 5, Figure 1 – source data 6)(Lapan and Reddien, 2011, 2012). The transcription factor ovo, a master regulator of eye development in planarians, showed statistically significant upregulation during S6, albeit with adjusted p-values and fold-changes that precluded its inclusion on the S6 enriched transcript list (Lapan and Reddien, 2012). ovo expression was first detected by WISH during S5-S6, in only a few cells per embryo (Figure 1 – figure supplement 19 B). During S7, two dorsolateral trails of ovo+ progenitors appeared along the anterior head margin, and these cells and their differentiating descendants likely generate the eye primordia (Figure 1 – figure supplement 19 B, blue arrowheads). The photoreceptor neurons, marked by opsin (Figure 1 – figure supplement 19 D), and the non-neuronal pigment cups, marked by tyrosinase (Figure 1 – figure supplement 19 E), were first visible during S7, consistent with published expression patterns for Spol-opsin and Spol-tph in elongated embryos (Martín-Durán et al., 2012). Growth of the eyes continued through S8. Moreover, co-expression of ovo and transcription factors required during eye differentiation, including eya, klf, six-1/2, soxB, sp6-9, otxA, meis and FoxQ2, was reported in elongated embryos (S7-S8) (Lapan and Reddien, 2012), suggesting that eye development during embryogenesis and adulthood may rely upon common genes and genetic regulatory networks. 


 

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FIGURES:


Figure 1 – figure supplement 19: Molecular markers for the developing eyes

A, C: Average RPKM per embryo for transcripts required for eye progenitor specification (ovo, six-1/2, eya (purple)), for photoreceptor neuron differentiation (otxA,(red)), or pigment cup differentiation (sp6-9, dlx (blue)) (A), or with enriched expression in adult eye tissue (Lapan and Reddien, 2012) (C). Yolk (Y), S2-S8. Transcripts shown were enriched during S5, S6, S7 and/or S8, and are flagged in excel tables for S5-S8 enriched transcripts (Figure 1 – source data 5, Figure 1 – source data 6, Figure 1 – source data 7, Figure 1 – source data 8). 

B, D-E: WISH developmental time course with riboprobes complementary to ovo (B), opsin (D), and tyrosinase (E), S5-S8.  Anterior: top (S6-S8). D: dorsal. Purple Arrowheads: developing eye tissue. Blue arrowheads: trail cells (eye progenitors). Scale bars: 100 µm.

 

 

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IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION DATA:


Smed IDAccessionNameAliasExpressed during stage(s)Tissue/PatternImages
SMED30030594OpsinopsinStage 7, Stage 8photoreceptor neuron, visual system, eye
SMED30018592AFP48372.1ovoovoStage 6, Stage 7, Stage 8trail cell, photoreceptor neuron, optic cup, pigment cup cell, visual system, eye
SMED30006796AFC87780.1tyrosinasetyrosinaseStage 7, Stage 8optic cup, pigment cup cell, visual system, eye
Click to see image symbols and abbreviations
Abbreviation or symbolDefinition
Ooral hemisphere
Aaboral hemisphere
Ddorsal
Vventral
Llateral
black arrowheadembryonic pharynx
red arrowheaddefinitive pharynx
black arrowsprimitive gut
yellow arrowsprimitive ectoderm cells
cyan arrowsbrain
cyan arrowheadsnerve cords
blue arrowheadseye progenitors (trail cells)
purple arrowheadseyes
scale bar100 µm

 

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SEQUENCES:

smed_20140614 transcript sequences for genes validated by in situ hybridization (above).

>SMED30006796 ID=SMED30006796|Name=tyrosinase|organism=Schmidtea mediterranea sexual|type=transcript|length=1755bp
TGTCAGTTTAGTCATGCTCGTAATCACAATAGGCATAGTCTTTGCATCTTTCTTACCTTTGAGTGACTGCCTAATCCCAA
GGATTTGCAGTAGGAATGTCACTCTTTCTAATTCAACATGTTGTCCAATTTATAATGATTTTGTTTGCGGTGGTCCTTTT
CGTGGATCTTGTGAAGTCTCCATTCTTTTTCAAAATCACACTGAGCACTCGGATGTTATCACCGGAAAATTGGAAAATGA
CGACAGACTCAACTGGCCATCAAGATTTTTTAAATTTCTTTGCAGTTGCAAGTCAAACTATGATGGAATAGCCTGTGACA
AGTGTAAATCAGGGTGGCAAGGGGAAAACTGTGAGGTGGTCTCCCCGAGAAAGATTAGACAAAATATTCTTAACATGAGA
TCATACGATGTTTTTATTTTTTTATCGATACTGAACATCAGCAAATATCAGTTGGCCGATTTCCTGATCACAAATTCGTC
CTCAAACCTTCACTGTGACCCTGTCAATGAAGACAACATTCAATTGGTCAATGCTTCCATTTATGATACAATGGTTTACT
TACATTTCTATGCGTCCAGGAGTACAATGTCTAAAGAACTTATGGAATCCTGCACAGACAAGGATAACAAATTAGACTTC
GCTCATAAAGGTCCAGCTTTTTTTACATGGCACCGACATTATTTACTGATGTTTGAAGACTTATTAAGGAGTATTGCAGT
CGAACAATTTGGATATTATAATTTCACATTACCATATTGGGACTGGACGAATCAAATAACTTGTAATATATGTACAAATG
ACTTACTTGGCGATATTCCCACTGAAGATCAAGAATCTAACAGCACATTTTTTAAATGGAAACCGATTTGCCCTCAGAAA
CCTAACGATTTTGATTGTCATATTTGCGATCCAAGCCAGGAAGAACCTTTTTTATGGAGAAAATACTCATCAACGGTAGA
CAGACTTCCTAATCAGAACGAAATTGATGAGTTATTCTCAATCAACCAATATGATTCGGAGCCCTTCAATTCCAGCTCAT
TTAGTAGGAAAAGCTTTCGGAATTTTGCAGAGGGATATTATCGAGTTCATCCAAACTCAGATGATATGAAAATGAAAGAC
ATTGGGAAGGGACTCCCCCATCAAAATATCATGATGCATAATATGTTTTATCAATGGAACTTGGATGGATTTCACAACGA
GTCCCAATGATCCATTATTTCTACTACATCATACGTTTATGGACAAAATCTTTGAAATTTGGCTATTAAGAAATAGACGA
TCTACATACCCTGGGAAATCTTCAACACCAATCGGGCAGCATGCTGACGATTTTATTGTGCCTTTCCTTCCACTAATCAG
AAACAGGAATTTGTTTACTTCAGCAAATGAATTTGGCTACGCCTACGATAACAATATTGTTGGAAATAAATTGTTCACAA
ATCATCAACTAGATTTCGAAAAGAGCTCATCGGAAATTTACTACATCCTAACGGCAGTTGCCTTTGTAGTACTAGTTGCG
ATCGTCGTCGGATTGTACTGCTTCAGACCCAGTCAAATCAGTCACACGGCTTATGAATTCATTGAAGACCAGGAGCAGGA
GGAAAAGACAAATTACTTTAACAACAATGAAAAAATGCCTCTACTGAAATGACAAGCCATTTCTGATGACTATTATAATA
TTGTCACCTTAAATTTTCTTTGAAACAACTTTATTATTGACAAATTTTGAAGAATCCTTTTAAGCAAAATAAAGT
>SMED30030594 ID=SMED30030594|Name=Opsin|organism=Schmidtea mediterranea sexual|type=transcript|length=1880bp
AATAAAATGAAATTTATAATGCCATTGGTATTTACACTGTGGTTAATAACGATAATAATCAGAATTTTTAATGATAAATA
TAGTAAACGATAACTAGTAACGGTAACCCTAATAATGAATGCTATATTACATATAGTAGTGTTACCAAAATTTTGGAATT
TAAAATAATAAGTTTATTATGAGTGACCATGATAATAAAAAAGATTTTTAAATAAAATGATAATATTACTATATAGTCGG
TTATAGTTCCGATTAGTCTACTATCGTAGACGTAATAAAAAGAGTTTAGTAACCTAATTTTCAATGTTTTTTGAAAGTTG
CTCGTCTCTATGGCAACTTATTATCGTAAGGAAAATTTTCTACTTCACTATGATATTTTCGGAGTGAATTTATTGATTTA
CATTCAAGGACTTTCACTATTGCATTTACTGAAGCGATCGTTTCATTTGGAACTCATATTTTCGCCCCTAATCGTTCTGG
AATTTATTATTTATGATCCTTTATCTGACCTTAAAAATTTTCATATTCATGAGTGTCCAATCTTTTGCCAATTTGGGAAA
TAAGCTCCTAGAAAATGCTACCTTCAATAATGAATCCCTTACAAAGTCAGTATGGCATTGGGATCCTGAATTTGAATCAA
TTGTCCATCCGTACTGGCGGACTTTTGATATGGTGCCAGAAGTTTATCATTATTTAGTTGGAGTGTATATTTCTATTGTT
GGAATATCGGGAGTTCTGGGAAATCTTCTTGTTCTTTACATATTTGCAAGCGCCAAAAGTTTAAGAACTCCTCCAAATAT
GTTTATAATGAGTTTAGCAATTGGAGATTTGACATTTTCTGCTGTGAATGGCTTCCCCTTACTTACTATTTCAAGTTTTA
ACACTCGATGGGCTTGGGGAAAATTAACGTGTGAGATTTATGGTTTCATCGGTGGTCTTTTTGGGTTTATATCCATCAAC
ACAATGGCACTAATTTCTCTGGATAGGTATTTTGTTATTGCCCAACCATTTCAAACAATGAAATCCCTGACAATCAAAAG
AGCAATAATCATGTTGGTTTTCGTATGGCTTTATTCATTAATTTGGTCAACACCGCCATTTTTTGGATATGGAAATTATG
TGCCGGAAGGATTTCAAACGTCTTGTACATTCGACTATTTGACCCAATCAAAAGGTAACATAATATTCAATATTGGGATG
TACATAGGAAATTTCATAATTCCCGTTGGAATAATTATATTTTGCTATTATCAAATTGTCAAAGCAGTGCGAGTACATGA
ATTAGAAATGTTAAAAATGGCTCAAAAGATGAATGCATCTCATCCAACTTCCATGAAAACGGGTGCAAAAAAGGCTGATG
TTCAAGCTGCAAAGATTTCTGTCATAATTGTCTTTTTATATATGTTATCATGGACACCATATGCAATAATTGCCCTTATG
GCTCTCACAGGGCGTAGAGATCATCTGAATCCATACACTGCAGAATTGCCGGTACTCTTTGCTAAGACCTCAGCTATGTA
CAACCCATTTATATACGCAATAAATCATCCAAAATTTCGAATTCAGCTGGAAAAGAAATTTCCATGTTTGATTTGTTGCT
GTCCACCAAAACCAAAAGAAAGGGACACTACAAGTGCAGCATCAGCAACGAAACCGAGTAAATATCAGAGTGAAAGAGAA
AGTTCAATGTCTCAACTGGATCCTGAAGACGATAAACAAGTCGTAGAAACCACCAAGAATCAAACCACAAGTGGACATAC
AAATGAAGCTTACGAGAGTGAACAGAAGTAGTTGATGAAACTAAATTATTCTATTTTTAATGACACTAGATCTTTATAAT
AATTTTATTTAAGGGAATGAGCACTGAATTTTGCGCAAAT
>SMED30018592 ID=SMED30018592|Name=ovo|organism=Schmidtea mediterranea sexual|type=transcript|length=1211bp
GTCATATTGAACACTGAGACTAGCTATCAATAGCTGACAATTAGACGTATAAAATGTTAGGGTACGCCTTTTTGGCCATT
ATTTCACACCAAAATTTCCATGAGTATTTTTCTAATAAGCACTCTACTCGCAAACGATGACGAAATGCCCACAGATTTGT
CATCGAAAACTGAAAAGATTGAAAACCATGAAAAATCTGAAAGGAATCTCTGCAAGTATTCCAGTCAGTTTCTTTCCTGT
TTTTATTCACAGGAAATGTTGACACTACTTATGAGAAAAAATTTCATCAATCAATATTCATTTTATTTAAAGATTTTCTC
GGGGTTTCCACAATTCGTCGATAACTTCAACTTAGTAAATCCAACAGATTTCACCGTCAATTCAAATTCAACAACAATTT
TGCCCTCATTCAACTTCCATAAAACGTCATTGAATATCGAAATGAACACCTCACTGGCCAATTCTTCAAGCACTGGTAGG
TCGTCTCCAACTGAAACTGTGTCTGAAAATCTTTGGTTAGAAAAAGTAAAGGTGGAAAAATATTTCCATTTAATTGAAAA
TCTATCACAATCCCAAGAGAACATTGAAGACATTGTCAAAACGATCAAAGTCAAACGAAGAAATTTTGCTGAATATATTA
AGAAACTTTACCTAAGTGATCCAGCCAAATTTAAGTTGACAAATGGTGGAGATGGAATAGTAAATCCATTTAGAAAACAA
TTCAAAGAAGAACGAGATAAATCTATGGACAAATTTTGCATCGAAGTTAATCACAATTATCAATGTAAGATATGTAACAA
GGTGTTTCCTTCCAAAAAGCACATGCAACGTCATATACGTTCACACGGTGTAAATTTTGATTGGTTGTGTAAATATTGTT
TTAAACCGTTTATTGATTCCTACGATTTAAAACGACATACGAGAGTCCATACAGGAGTTCAACCATACAAATGTCAAAGT
TGCACAAGAAAATTCAGTCAACGATGCTCATTGGAAAGTCATCAGGTGAAAATCCATGGAGTAGCACTGAATTATCTATA
CAAAGAAAGAAGGAACAAGTTGTATCCGTGTGAAATCTGCAGTTATAGTACGTCTTGTAAAGCAACTTGGTTGAGTCACA
TCATTCAGGAGCACCCGAATTCACTTTATGCAAAAGAAGAAGCACTCAAAGGAAAATACAACTGACTTTGAAAAATATTG
ATTTTTCAAGC

 

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ADDITIONAL REFERENCES:


Lapan, S.W., and Reddien, P.W. (2011). dlx and sp6-9 Control optic cup regeneration in a prototypic eye. PLoS Genet 7, e1002226.

Lapan, S.W., and Reddien, P.W. (2012). Transcriptome analysis of the planarian eye identifies ovo as a specific regulator of eye regeneration. Cell Rep 2, 294-307.

Martín-Durán, J.M., Monjo, F., and Romero, R. (2012). Morphological and molecular development of the eyes during embryogenesis of the freshwater planarian Schmidtea polychroa. Dev Genes Evol 222, 45-54.

 

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